三年生枳砧丘陵坡地椪柑丰产栽培研究

本试验采用半矮化枳砧(Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)嫁接椪柑(Citrus reticuala Ponkan)良种“东13号”,在红壤丘陵坡地进行了密植早结丰产栽培研究。结果表明,在每亩坡地上密植180株,采用适当的控梢整形、灌水施肥、促花保果及病虫害防治等技术,三年生枳砧椪柑可获得平均亩产2714公斤的产量。本文对丘陵坡地枳砧椪柑密植、早结丰产栽培的主要技术作了探讨。     

A Preliminary Study on Physiological and Molecular Effects of Iron Deficiency in Fuji/Chistock 1

In order to get experimental data on apple rootstock with iron-efficient genotypes capable of improving scion resistance to iron deficiency, this experiment was conducted on the physiological and molecular characteristics of Fuji/ Chistock 1 (F/C) under different iron conditions and compared it to Fuji/ M. Baccata (F/B). F/C was less sensitive to iron deficiency than F/B. F/B showed chlorosis after 25 days under iron-deficient conditions, but F/C showed no phenotypic changes, even after 40 days. The shoot and leaf area growth of F/C were respectively 5cm and 1000 mm² higher than those of F/B, regardless of the iron-deficient or iron-efficient conditions. The young leaf chlorophyll and active iron of F/C were 5 SPAD and 5 mg kg^?1 higher than those of F/B, either in iron-deficient or iron-efficient conditions. The expression of YSL5 and CS1 showed the same pattern. The enhancement expression of iron transport genes may be one explanation for these findings.     

斜插式嫁接机砧木子叶气吸夹结构及作业参数优化试验

针对目前插接式瓜类自动嫁接机作业过程中,砧木夹持采用的压苗机构,普遍存在机构复杂、机构动作耗时影响作业生产率等问题,开发了一种砧木子叶气吸夹。该文以瓜类嫁接生产中常用的黑籽南瓜砧木标准苗和黄瓜接穗标准苗为作业对象,通过砧木子叶展平特性测定和气吸夹结构与作业参数优化试验研究,确定了气吸夹的优化结构与作业参数,并在2JC-600B型斜插嫁接机上进行了带压苗机构砧木夹与砧木子叶气吸夹性能对比试验。结果表明:在气源工作压力0.25 MPa、吸孔直径4 mm、吸孔距生长点距离30 mm时,气吸夹展平子叶成功率可达100%;与压苗机构砧木夹相比,采用气吸夹可减轻操作者熟练程度对嫁接机作业性能的影响,提高子叶展平成功率和嫁接成功率,对于熟练操作者,在满足嫁接作业质量要求的情况下可减少砧木上苗作业时间1 s,使嫁接生产率由514株/h增至600株/h,提高16.7%。该研究结果可为斜插式嫁接机的开发设计提供参考。     

嫁接黄瓜果实表面蜡粉形成与砧木的相关性及其硅吸收分配特性

黄瓜果实表面蜡粉的多少影响其商品品质,蜡粉多少在一定条件下取决于植株对硅的吸收特性。本试验选择4个果实表面具蜡粉的南瓜自交系（Z1、 Z2、 Z3和Z4）和4个果实表面没有蜡粉的南瓜自交系（Z5、 Z6、 Z7 和Z8）为砧木,嫁接津优1号黄瓜,以自根黄瓜为对照,研究了嫁接和自根黄瓜果面蜡粉形成与硅吸收分配的关系。结果表明, 采用果面具蜡粉砧木Z1、 Z2嫁接的黄瓜果实表面鲜亮、 光滑,几乎无蜡粉;果面具蜡粉的砧木Z3、 Z4以及不具蜡粉的4个砧木嫁接的黄瓜果面蜡粉量多,色灰暗,与自根黄瓜之间差异显著或不显著。果面没有蜡粉的黄瓜植株各器官中硅含量显著低于果面有蜡粉的黄瓜;果实果皮中硅含量高于果肉。嫁接黄瓜果面是否具蜡粉与砧木果面有无蜡粉没有必然联系,采用去蜡粉砧木嫁接的黄瓜硅吸收量明显减少。     

NAA和B_9对番茄插枝生根和植株矮化的影响

萘乙酸 (NAA)浸泡番茄插枝 ,可促使插枝多生根 ,提高成活率。对幼苗喷施B9可抑制植株茎节生长 ,使植株矮壮 ,叶色呈浓绿 ,叶片增厚 ,不徒长。两者最适浓度为 10 0mg/kg和 30 0 0mg/kg。     

山楂品种及砧木的引种研究

１９８６～１９８８年先后从吉林、辽宁、北京等地引入山楂品种（４２个），山楂砧木（３种）在呼和浩特和乌盟栽培，截止１９９４年已栽植７～９ａ（结果４～６ａ）。本文重点是对当地能成熟的１７个品种和１种砧木的综合表现进行报道。并对呼市山楂品种选择提出建议。     

梨矮化中间砧S2 、S5 和PDR54的离体培养研究

 以梨矮化中间砧S2、S5和PDR54试管苗为试材, 探讨了培养基和植物生长调节剂对梨矮化中间砧试管苗增殖和生根的效应。其结果表明: MS培养基较QL、AS和WPM培养基更有利于中间砧茎的增殖, 2～3 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA、0.1～0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA和1～2 mg·L ^{- 1} GA₃组合能有效促进S2、S5和PDR54试管苗的增殖, 其增殖倍数达3.71～5.83。综合各品种增殖倍数、茎高度以及茎质量等指标表明, MS + 3.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L^-1 IBA + 2.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S2的最佳增殖培养基; MS + 2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S5和PDR54增殖的最佳培养基。同时, S2、S5和PDR54增殖的试管苗在不同的生根条件下分别获得了67%、50%和86%的生根率。     

Studies of Multi-Allelic Polymorphism of Dominant Dwarfing Genes in Wheat

Dwarfing breeding of wheat in the world is confined to the exploitation of recessive dwarfing sources. None of the dominant dwarfing sources discovered in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) has found wide exploitation in wheat breeding due to the extreme dwarfness of their plants (20 -55 cm). We found in our work that some stable mutant lines with their plant height enhanced to different extents could be obtained in large populations derived from the stock seeds of the dominant dwarfing sources Aibian1 carrying Rht10 on 4DS and being 20 - 55 cm tall and Aisu2 carrying Rht3 on 4BS and being 55 cm tall, or from their descendants of induced mutation treatments, or from the segregating descendants of their crosses with mid- or tall-statured genotypes. Subsequently, we studied these mutation-derived lines differing in plant height with near isogenic lines and observed that the character of their enhanced plant height bred true, each carrying a semidominant dwarfing gene for a definite height and that as the plant height of the mutation-derived lines increased, the yield-contributing characters of their near isogenic lines were significantly improved. When test crosses with marker genes and physiological and biochemical genetic marker tests were performed to re-localize the semi-dominant dwarfing genes carried by the mutation-derived lines, it was confirmed that they shared common loci with Rht10 and Rht3 and that they were all mutation-derived multiple alleles. It is thus speculated that dominant dwarfing genes are of "multi-allelic polymorphism". In other words, dominant dwarfing genes, which are ultra-dwarfing, are liable to develop by mutation into a group of multiple alleles with plant height enhanced to different extents and some may have a height close to the ideal plant height for wheat breeding. Therefore, these results offer a fundamentally new approach for the exploitation of dominant dwarfing sources in wheat breeding.     

三倍体毛白杨不同砧木嫁接试验

为探索不同砧木亲合力对三倍体毛白杨一条鞭芽接成活率的影响 ,试验分别采用赤峰杨、少先队杨、群众杨作砧木进行了一条鞭芽接试验。结果表明 ,在上述砧木上进行芽接 ,其亲合力对成活率影响差异不显著